SOCIAL RESEARCH

An Introduction to Social Research Research is a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. It is movement from the known to unknown. It is actually a voyage of discovery. It can be defined as “the manipulation of things , concepts or symbols for the purpose of generalizing to extent , correct or verify knowledge , weather that knowledge aids in construction of theory or in the practice of an art. The systematic approach concerning generalization and formulation of a theory also research. Objectives ¨ To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insides in to it. ¨ To describe accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group. ¨ To determine the frequency with which something occurs. ¨ To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables. Research process 1) Define research problem 2) Review the literature a) Review concepts and theories b) Review previous research finding 3) Formulate hypothesis 4) Design research (including sample design) 5) Collect data 6) Analyze data 7) Interpret and report
Criteria of good research Ø The purpose of the research should be clearly defined and use common concepts. Ø The design of the research should be carefully planned. Ø The researcher must be objective in all respect. Ø The validity and reliability of the data should be checked carefully. Ø The proper analysis of data has to be done by the researcher. Ø Conclusion should be confined to those justified by the data of the research. Ø It must be systematic and logical. Ø Good research must be empirical. Points to remember Research must be on the basis of one or more hypothesis. The researcher has to prove or disprove those hypotheses- (testing hypothesis). The students have to identify the appropriate variables from the topic. A good research must not be a direct copy of any literature. The topic must have enough scope for investigation. A general objective and specific objectives are necessary in a project. Tools of data collection must be mentioned in the project. › ANALYSIS OF DATA The purpose of analysis is to summaries the completed observation in such a manner that it yields answers to the research question. It was necessary to convert the studied phenomena into scientifically valid data because “an emphasis on data analysis is warranted by the continuing need in sociology for reliable empirical knowledge”. STEPS TO BE INCLUDED IN THE METHODOLOGY › Objectives of the study ¨ General Objectives ¨ Specific Objectives › Hypothesis › Variables › Research Design › Universe of the study › Sample › Tools of data collection › Pilot Study and Pre-test (only if it is possible) › Analysis of data › Limitations of study › HYPOTHESIS It is a mere assumption or some supposition to be proved or disproved. Hypothesis may be defined as a proposition or a set of proposition set forth as an explanation for the occurrence of some specified group of phenomena to guide some investigation. It is a predictive statement, capable of being tested by scientific methods, that relates an independent variable to some dependent variable.

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